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This error occurs when trying to access a list index that doesnβt exist.
π Cause: Index is out of the valid range of the list.
β
Fix: Check the list length before accessing an index.
β Wrong Example
numbers = [10, 20, 30]
print(numbers[3]) # IndexError! No element at index 3
β Corrected Code
numbers = [10, 20, 30]
if len(numbers) > 2: # Check before accessing
print(numbers[2]) # Safe access
π Cause: Loop goes beyond list length.
β
Fix: Use len() to avoid out-of-range errors.
β Wrong Example
fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
for i in range(3): # Index 2 does not exist
print(fruits[i])
β Corrected Code
fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
for i in range(len(fruits)): # Iterate safely
print(fruits[i])
π Cause: Trying to access an element in an empty list.
β
Fix: Check if the list is empty before accessing elements.
β Wrong Example
data = []
print(data[0]) # IndexError! No elements in the list
β Corrected Code
data = []
if data: # Check if the list is not empty
print(data[0])
else:
print("List is empty")
π Cause: split() may return fewer elements than expected.
β
Fix: Use try-except or len() to handle missing elements.
β Wrong Example
text = "hello"
words = text.split() # ['hello']
print(words[1]) # IndexError!
β Corrected Code
text = "hello"
words = text.split()
if len(words) > 1:
print(words[1])
else:
print("Not enough words")
π Cause: Using a negative index beyond list bounds.
β
Fix: Ensure the index is within the list size.
β Wrong Example
nums = [1, 2, 3]
print(nums[-4]) # IndexError! Only -1, -2, -3 are valid
β Corrected Code
nums = [1, 2, 3]
if abs(-4) <= len(nums):
print(nums[-4])
else:
print("Index out of range")
β Check list length before accessing an index.
β Use if len(list) > index: to prevent errors.
β Avoid empty lists by verifying with if list:.
β Use try-except IndexError for handling dynamic lists.
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